A diss track, diss record or diss song is a song whose primary purpose is to verbally attack someone else, usually another artist. They tend to get popular easily due to their controversial nature. For example, Taylor Swift's ""Look What You Made Me Do"" against Kanye West. A topical song is a song that comments on political and/or social events. It can be associated with a movement for protest and socio-political change. For example, BILQIS by Rabbi Shergill. 

Exoticisation is the practice of portraying or regarding someone or something as exotic (strikingly, excitingly, or mysteriously different or out of ordinary). For example, In movies and television shows, indigenous people are sometimes portrayed as sages with ancient wisdom and healing powers

Nihilism has two components. First, it is a belief that life has no intrinsic purpose or meaning. Second, it involves a cynical attitude towards life- distrust towards those who seem naively optimistic and/or idealistic. Examples of nihilistic themes in popular culture include Rick and Morty, BoJack Horseman, and The Joker 

Consumer sovereignty in welfare is the idea that the consumer is the best judge of their own welfare (rather than, say, politicians). According to this idea the government should help the poor by giving them monetary transfers, rather than giving them products through targeted welfare policies. 

“The ick” was first coined by Ally in TV show Ally McBeal. It’s a dating term which refers to a sudden cringe feeling which can be triggered by certain actions, behaviours or traits which may or may not be objectively wrong. In recent times, it is often cited to explain why a certain romantic interest has never moved forward, ended or an existing one has had complications. 

Green retrofits refers to any refurbishment of an existing building that aims to reduce the carbon emissions and environmental impact of the building. This can include improving the energy efficiency of the HVAC(Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) and other mechanical systems like increasing the quality of insulation in the building envelope.

Counter-magnet cities are the cities which can be developed as alternative hubs of development and have the potential to attract more people / immigrants from a larger city in the nearby area to ease the burden on that city. Eg. Pune is a counter magnet of Mumbai A satellite city or satellite town is a smaller municipality or settlement that is part of (or on the edge of) a larger metropolitan area and serves as a regional employment and housing center. Eg. Gurgaon is a satellite city of Delhi.

"fuck it, we ball" is a commonly used phrase on social media which means to disregard hardship or other such conditions and continue towards your goals regardless of obstacles, seeking to establish the idea of "life goes on"

Short selling is an investment strategy where an investor borrows an asset, such company shares, and sells it on the open market with the expectation that its price will decline. The goal is to buy the asset back at a lower price in the future, return the borrowed shares, and profit from the difference. Activist short selling involves investors shorting an asset, and then publicly disseminating negative information about the asset, e.g., the company, to deliberately drive down its share price.  

In sports, a ‘transfer fee’ refers to the financial compensation given by the purchasing club to the selling club which has the player's exclusive contracted playing rights (either in the same or different leagues). Typically, the player receives no share of this fee, the size of which depends on several factors including current abilities, future potential, and the remaining duration of the existing contract. For example, in football, the highest transfer fee was €222m, paid by Paris Saint-Germain to FC Barcelona for the transfer of Neymar in 2017.

CONTEXT SLIDE 1

Bhutan, a landlocked country between China and India,

has historically maintained close economic, strategic

and military relations with India. A new friendship

treaty signed between India and Bhutan in 2007 allows

Bhutan to pursue its foreign policy freely, but

mandates cooperation in issues of national security

interest of both the countries. In 2017 China began

extending an existing road southward in Doklam, a

territory disputed between China and Bhutan.

CONTEXT SLIDE 2

In response to this Indian troops entered Doklam to stop the Chinese

troops from constructing the road resulting in a military border standoff

between India and China. India wants to keep China away from southern

Doklam’s ridges that overlook India’s narrow Siliguri corridor or

Chicken's Neck which connects India to the North Eastern part of India.

Negotiations between Bhutan and China for border delimitation and

demarcation have recently made progress with the signing of an

agreement between both countries for the same. However Bhutan does

not have formal diplomatic ties with China due to its policy of isolationism

and non alignment.

In Freudian psychoanalysis, the pleasure principle is the instinctive seeking of pleasure and avoiding pain to satisfy biological and psychological needs. The reality principle is the ability of the mind to assess the reality of the external world, and to act upon it accordingly by deterring gratification of a desire when circumstantial reality disallows its immediate gratification. Both the reality principle and pleasure principle pursue personal gratification, but the crucial difference between the two is that the reality principle is more focused on the long-term and is more goal-oriented while the pleasure principle disregards everything except for the immediate fulfillment of its desires.

Epictetus was saying that human beings

were born to be faithful to one another;

denying this is denying our humanity. Just

then a scholar, who was found guilty of

adultery, happened to walk into the room.

Epictetus continued: If we abandon this natural

faithfulness and have designs on our neighbor’s wife,

what are we really doing? We are ruining and

destroying. But whom? The man of trust, principle, and

piety. That’s not at all. Aren’t we also destroying

neighborliness, friendship, and community? What

position are we putting ourselves in? How am I

supposed to treat you now? A neighbor? A friend?

What sort of friend? As a citizen? But how can I trust

you?

If you were a cracked pot that cannot be used any

more, I would throw you into the garbage. No one

would bother to pick you up. But what are we to do

with a human who cannot assume a basic human role? If

you cannot be a friend, can you at least be a servant?

Who would trust you, even in that role? So, like the

cracked pot, would you like to be tossed on a dunghill?